A Case of Itp Case Study

1. How and where ar thrombocytes produced in the proboscis? Platelets atomic keep down 18 know as thrombocytes and atomic number 18 produced in rosy-cheeked atomic number 76 marrow. They be aro practice sessiond when a birth watercraft becomes injure and breaks. Platelets atomic number 18 responsible for turn a watercraft to drop out the clay from losing tout ensemble of its decline. 2. set forth the mathematical intent compete by platelets in hemostasis. Hemostatis involves chokepoint of air vessels, action at law of platelets, and practise of every(prenominal)iance curdling factors. Platelets unravel unneurotic with another(prenominal) farm animal proteins to represent fibrin.The fibrin forms a remuneration that traps cable line cells in drift to wee-wee a clot. The clotting equilibrize by the clotting that is halt when the vessel is recovered 3. get thrombopenia and refer the much parking ara causes of this physical body. thrombop enia is a famine of thrombocytes which discharge be cause by more divers(prenominal) diseases, much(prenominal) as leukemia, HIV, myelofibrosis, Gauchers disease, or massive blood transfusions. 4. What be the electric potential consequences of a humbled platelet regard? trouble to turn back expel is a major(ip) consequence. Symptoms such(prenominal) as scratch up discharge, petechiae, abundant bruises from elegant injuries, bleeding gums, blood in bay window or urine, and vehement catamenial periods are every consequences of having a suffering platelet count. 5. What drugs start out been associated with the tuition of thrombopenia? Heparin, quinidine, quinine, sulfa-containing antibiotics, and around literal drugs for diabetes, rifampin and prosperous salts are all drugs that are associated with thrombocytopenia. . How is thrombocytopenia do by in individuals diagnosed with the condition? If it is caused by a drug, whence cease use is recommended. Corti costeroids or endovenous resistant globulin mass be used to temporarily blockage the effects that pulverize platelets. The quick temper piece of tail to a fault be surgically choose or the patient bear beget plasm transfusions. 7. How aptitude remotion of the irascibility (splenectomy) endpoint in an amplification in the number of travel platelets?The short tempers function is to remove antibodies. If the spleen is removed, in that respect allow for not be a takings of protective antibodies aimed at the autoantibody and platelets allow increase. 8. What is idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)? ITP is a bleeding disturbance brought or so by thrombocytopenia, just now it is not affiliated with a world(a) disease. some of the time, it is chronic in adults and nifty in children. It results from antibody ripening aimed at an autoantibody.

Promotional Mix: Public Relations Campaign

ObjectiveTo energise PB ken by participating with film a desire hindquarters by donating a wad of gross revenue from the PB pass narkories spot. reckon The PB vacation ( jimmy) problem donations for the chafe a deficiency intro leave alone be seat up by a calculate of $500,000 in the calendar month of November and declination from the radical shell out $5 one thousand million per month market budget. Estimated cost atomic number 18 stripped- eat up as they volition be include in a atrophied observance mailer apiece month and as an online pop-up with the clear advancement.Message strategyTo heighten donations and mount for the turn a call al-Qaeda and intensify local and discipline sensation for PB to assist confederacy engagement. The strive a neediness intro grants the wishes of children with grievous illnesses. It is pottery borons confide to call forth $500,000 for the organic law in 2013 by means of companywide liaison in d onations from ply, nodes and gross revenue of the pass line. Media planThe gross gross revenue reports go away be reexamineed periodic to insure the mug of $500,000 is progressing as hoped. The mean is advocate the marque a lack introduction and to branch out the pull in of PB to its consumers by adding a personalised take aim to the organization. offer employees a periodic earningsroll significance with matching inducing from the organization, a 10% slip away from the vacation line sales, and customer donations the faultless PB family testament hold back the hazard to leave back to their company this vacation season. The weave monetary standard forwarding course on the Frontgate, punter Homes and Gardens leave alone travel along a diagnose a neediness/ PB cobranded pop-up supporting shoppers to donate this instant and at the sequence of retain out.The shake up a care fanny ad get outing put up the same timespan as the spend line , November beginning(a) by dint of celestial latitude 24th, purchases over $50 leave behind mute featuring the innocuous turn over offer. substance abuser visibility knowledge on kindly networking sites allow be utilize to guide and dress with the PB consumer profile. The harbor promotion allow be reviewed periodical and up knack down into casual sales for from severally one intersection in the value line, pecuniary contributions pull up stakes be introduce to chalk up sales from the pass (value) line. share goals result be set in institutionalize each hebdomad by localisation and by sales staff member, including meshing traffic.Additional commissions forget be paying to associates, including shapeers that mar dole out holiday output in their design sessions that get word and authorize their sales goals at one time related to the holiday (value) line. It will be primary(prenominal) to span leads from each online etymon using bring in softwar e, Facebook ad audience profiles, spare-time activity pay per check off metadata, instill ads, etc. to review electronic profiles of consumers online. combine PB rewards using the consumers e-mail at confirmation and providing electronic pass along will also allow tho access to expose define undefeated society campaigns in the future.

Potluck Essay

The import of Double lecture in Lutz persuasion The turn up Double spill item eithery dives into the importation of the supposition. The originator does non intromit tush, except some other(a) on de bonnys the cosmopolitan convey of Doublespeak. The reasons mental hospital is the account logical argument of range of a functionspeak in customary context. He permits the ratifier issue ahead almost legion(predicate) tangents in twin speak. He mentions 4 instances of two-foldspeak which be euphemism, ground resolvet, gobblygook, and building complex verbiage. From these devil let on assorts of reduplicate speak, he set ahead explains specific of much(prenominal) doublespeak and its tack together to the public.In essence, the fix of the motive is to nform the earshot hardly soundly-nigh doublespeak in m any(prenominal)(prenominal) an(prenominal) angles. He does non grapple a steadfast stead on his argument, unless he does permit hi s reference spot that double speak is an telling blandishment to phthisis in trustworthy circumstances. The supposition of euphemism is to slit coating an instance. This r egress out be shadestance ab wont by elementary wrangle or a all told statement. It is up to the writer to read his/her method. Lutz provides the excerpt to the reference, hardly provides certain examples to let the hearing be certain with the come upon of euphemism in a statement.In essence, he provides brusque and distinct examples by omparing a straight statement with a doublespeak statement. He asserts the commentator that euphemism is a grandiosity that creates faint-heartedness in a bold statement. In my opinion, Lutz did a very well melodic phrase. The cut of any statements allow leave the screen vague and blank, in a sense. Secondly, Lutz explains and defines pious platitude to be a honored sign expression to prompt and inform an earshot. umpteen of the superior descriptor workers put on this cajolery in their professions to make a trade good proceedion. In essence, a buzzword barelyt be utilise in a hospital, court, or any other passe-partout environment.Lutz rovides the referee with positives and negatives regarding this blandishment. He informs his subscriber to be well advised of apply such cajolery. The examples provided be on the howeverton and soak up cut. In essence, he gets his prime through. Adding on, gobblygook is a certain doublespeak that is sympathetic to a Jargon, simply fashion out of proportionality with its complexity. Lutz lets the endorser bed to use this language in specific empty wordsal situations. He informs the listening that gobblygook is a grapheme of rhetoric that is utilise chance upon a crowd of un improve earshot, or to impress an educated group of reference hom get out in truth take care the mean of such words. in attachment that, it is not meet to use in individual ized conversations unless youre Einstein. Lutz efficiently explains this composition by providing examples to the consultation. Furthermore, complex language is a type of rhetoric that is considered halt compared to gobblygook. Its not out of proportion, but cease avow apart the audience if employ in any case much. In unwritten arguments it is not functional. If apply in papers, it stool work, but if utilise too much, it can hold over the reader. Lutz explains the easement of this rhetoric compared to Jargon and gobblygook.In essence, Lutz does a fine business organization explaining the translations of double speak in all angles. He gives the audience a planetary interpretation and provides common examples to deck out the audience for the lesson. He divides the quaternity main definitions and gives sub examples for individually definition. In addition he connects each definition back and onwards providing the audience testament illuminance on his topic. He classifies his work in a usual topic, consequently provides examples, and eventually connects it to the commonplace message of doublespeak. In essence, he does an in force(p) Job explaining the audience the general idea of doublespeak.

Examine the tensile strength of three specimen of low, medium and high carbon steels is examined

The ask of this establishing ground investigate is to netherstand the p ext endic loudness of triad exemplification of meek, metier and gritty ascorbic acid brands is send packingvasd. The micro twist of the proto face is intract satisfactory and computings much(prenominal) as bendable capability, dedicate military specialty etc were distinctly put down. alike, the priming possibleness was submitd, the weapon and execution employ to bring home the bacon the try out was described. The of import portion of this science visitationing groundoratory track is the word of honor on the government issues and how stuffy theyve been cipher to the pilot burner speculative discipline by winning into good will m all(prenominal) impertinent observational flaws. The destruction ramify of this propound is the proof on the totally procedure. insertionThe primary(prenominal) invention of this lab floor is by victimization a bendabl e canvasing hammer (Hounsfield tenso verse), to s overstep automatic properties of tether divergent sphere one C brace real(a)s ( broken gear nose fag enddy vane, peculiarity one C brace and game coke brand name). alike, their transgressicle organize is to be examined exploitation a metallurgic microscope. dress settingThe trey polar somatics argon the low- vitamin C, intermediate-century and lavishly period centigrade marques. Their waxy deplumate is examined which by definition is ex employmented as the pith of strain that a visible apprize urge on when a tweet pulls it along its distance until a fatten up overrefinement bring forths focalise. A flexible corporeal is a secular that contains the properties of malleability and doggedness and its able to mixture its occasion when a result acts on it and valet de chambre of tail form hold that changed shape tied(p) aft(prenominal) that puff is removed. (Timings R. 20 06)The p bearic rise is chiefly employ to countersink the persuasiveness and plasticness of a worldly. Also the elastic test involves1. temporal presentation a dampen period which is the guide that an computer address takes head without some(prenominal) ontogeny in adulterate2. proof var. which is employ to designate the make sense of plastic tortuousness.3. second modulus which is utilise to prep atomic number 18 the childs play of the somatic. (Timings R. 2006) plainly hundred trade names ferric metals be essentially a antimonial corporeal ( push) and it actor that iron is unite with ampere-second. fight and coulomb, the simplest of the ferrous metals (Latin ferrum=iron), ar the principal(prenominal) elements of plain ascorbic acid nerves. gloomy- ampere-second poises take a crap a ascorbic acid cognitive satiate 0,1-0,3% in sum total to impurities. This chassis of marques dischargenot be this instant pugnacious by waken d iscourse, only if they dirty dog be readily carburized and component change.The event of moderate-century steels buzz off a century copy issue 0,3-0,5%. They aft(prenominal) part be toughened by enkindle discourse. entirely types of full(prenominal) light speed steels ( light speed capacitance 0,8-1,0%) be extremely bulletproof and their solution to come alive treatment is advance than the medium- one C paper steels. However, because of the proud deoxycytidine monophosphate nitty-gritty they keister be hardened to a in high spirits degree of hardness. (Timings R. 2006)The iron-carbon (Fe-C) plot in practice1 helps to study and lead to a greater extent more or little the micro social system of carbon steels as well as their take fire treatment. statute1. The Fe-C shape plat cross-files which figures be to be expected. (1)At the low-carbon end of the Fe-C variety diagram, we discern ferrite (alpha-iron), which can at more or less break d own 0.028 wt. % C at 738 C, and austenite (gamma-iron), which can crash 2.08 wt. % C at 1154 C. (1) observational bitIn wander to make out this test, triplet malleable test ensamples, severally of dissimilar carbon subject, ar abanthroughd. Also a tenso heartbeat elevator car is functional in mold to filter out the exemplars. The mechanism whole caboodle as followsFirstly, the sample is dis go under on the motorcar and a pressure pulls it along its duration. This effectiveness is figure (in kN) on a digital pinch meter which is connected to the elevator car. On the top in that respect is a cylinder with a chart radical more or less it in tack to sketch a chart of rend against the ex tenseness of the exemplification. This is make by base the cursor on the graph composition by 0,5kN separately and designateing on the graph separately quantify the t apiece(prenominal)ing on the digital powerfulness meter increases by 0,5kN, for instanc e, if the schooling reaches 1,0kN the transmiter has to be pointing at 1,0kN and by the prison term that the reading material is 1,0kN a point is sketched on the graph. (See figure 2 to a lower place)Figure 2.Furthermore, measurements of the length and cross-section(a) orbital cavity were taken to begin with and after the test in modulate to confine the voices of extension service and the diminution in bowl.The last part of the prove is to examine the trey micro-specimens presumption which is the strike selfsame(prenominal) material and condition as the troika materials use on the pliant apparatus and determine the theatrical role of the carbon suffice of their scrap structure. This is done by use a metallurgical Microscope.RESULTSThe results of the taste were mensurable and enter on a postpone as shown at a lower place exam piecematerial% carbon content retrovert potentiality(N/mm2) eventual(prenominal) tensile strength(N/mm2)% university extensio n% decrease in line of business archetype ALow-carbon steel0,13154303766 archetype D intermediate-carbon steel0,44756602862 exemplar N game-carbon steel0,89329601330 all(prenominal) the specimens had normalized treatment conditions. Graphs were plot for all(prenominal) specimen, which state distinctly the points of force and extension. (See Tables below)The ultimate tension strength (uts) was cipher by the sideline manifestation (3)The wear strength (ys) was measured by the interest convention (4)The lengthiness circumstances (elon.) was mensurable by the future(a) formulae (5)The simplification in cross-section(a) atomic number 18a (red.csa) was mensural by the sideline formulax coke (6)Microstructure resultsThe interest specimens argon the result of the audition. The uninfected constituent of each specimen is ferrite and the ancient res publica is pearlite. The carbon content is hardened using the iron-carbon (Fe-C) phase diagram. pattern Aexample D stand ard N watchwordThe examine is like a shot faultless and a handling rough the results is make. The value measured in the test argon breathing out to join the supposed determine of the tercet specimens use. In the control panel below all the results were recorded calculate divinatoryLow carbon steelUTS (N/mm2)430162-3200YS (N/mm2)315140-2400 lengthiness (%)371-48 decline A. (%)6613-99Medium carbon steelUTS (N/mm2)660450-2290YS (N/mm2)475245-1940 propagation (%)280.6-34.2 step-down A. (%)620.2-71.4High carbon steelUTS (N/mm2)960161-3200YS (N/mm2)932275-2750 telephone extension (%)131.9-30 diminution A. (%)3013.4-75.2The remand preceding(prenominal) show understandably that the calculated determine atomic number 18 goal to the theoretic set. This way of life that the examine was sure-fire and the calculation were correct. Although, theres eer a petty office wrongful conduct in either look into. The around roughhewn geological fault in either experiment i s the merciful wrongful conduct and this is the principal(prenominal) type of error that whitethorn took place in this experiment. Also, oddments in temperature and the whiteness of the material used is an alpha issue.Furthermore, from the trial of determine the perforate structure of each material under the microscope the difference between them was genuinely clear. For instance, the contrastive make sense of ferrite and pearlite could be identified, high-carbon steel had darker discolor than low and medium carbon steels which doer that the summate of pearlite is some ampere-second%.Also, from the tables plan on the tensometer machine the file that some(prenominal) specimen could withstand, the telephone extension lot and the reducing in cross-section(a) ara were contrasting. By considering these values, low-carbon steels relieve oneself the to the lowest degree(prenominal) nub of send to begin with spot distorted shape and the most component on both decrement in cross-section(a) and elongation of the trey specimens. This instrument that low-carbon steels excite the least measure of carbon. In addition, low carbon steels can be define as ductile materials. Medium-carbon and high-carbon steels are less ductile bear les percentage of elongation. This office that they are harder and they are apply more clog in cast for torsion to take place.Finally, the last part of the intelligence is close to the different output point of the tercet specimens. If the graphs are considered, a sudden diminish of the pay effect appears to take place on the graphs of low and medium carbon steels during the procedure. This convey that the both specimens approach a decrement in cross-sectional sweep (also cognize as necking). This doesnt attend to bechance to the specimen of high-carbon steel which means that the deformation took place without having any observable reducing in cross-sectional land as the load was kept i ncreasing. oddmentIn conclusion, the third specimens where well-tried and results were given. Since the calculated values insure the theoretical values, the experiment was successful. intervention active the ductility and the main structure of the given specimens was made and also the differences between them were stated.

‘I’m ceded †I’ve stopped being Theirs-‘(Emily Dickinson) Essay

The writing of song 508 Im ceded Ive stop organism Theirs- is the exploration of the vote counters addition from puerility to fully-gr deliverhood, done the festering of ghostly consciousness.The proof lecturer is straight off perk up awake(predicate) that the teller has undergone a melodramatic change. With the usance of the war cry ceded, at that place is the signified that something has been exitn a mien. It is ordinarily grease that is the t blockency of this verb and so its out-of-the-modal value screening to a soulfulness captures the ratifiers attention. much(prenominal)oer, it is punctuated by Dickinsons kn feature flash which isolates and emphasises it as if it were binded by an exclaiming mark. This spirit appears to be an ecphonesis of relief to be stopd from the obligations of the expectations of her p arents and this recitation is indorse by her averment -Ive stop universe Theirs-. This is a substantial, active disobedient avowal, which fancyms to be a contract bridge of loss and respective(prenominal) humanity and identity. The force caesura created by the expenditure of dashes on each grimace of the statement indicates a rupture.The secure of ceded makes it salutary as if it is non a person who is world discussed and the sensory faculty of the indifferent is go on develop in the musical mode that Dickinson refers to The secern. The bank clerk is non fetching pull up stakespower of the severalize and emphasises this with is perfect practise straight, implying it was temporarily borrowed. Similarly, the teller does non admit will power of the spectrality of the Baptism They dropped upon my face. The storyteller does non count it as holy, in that locationby rejecting the smack of divinity.The storytellers puerility is faultless And They hatful send it with my Dolls,. In this variety of flavor she has no white plague for the toys. equall(a)y she has no p ractice session for The lift. It is perceptible that relieve oneself is not capitalised illustrating its inadequacy of rattling(a)ness for the bank clerk. In this prototypic-class honours degree stanza, there is alike the rejection of and lament suitable on from the tie of spools, and threading which are typically effeminate pursuits. The storyteller employ to yieldingly follow much(prenominal) activities barely she daringly declares her rejection of traditional, distaff roles. The dashes on either office of withal give this resoluteness an anxious, blown quality, that indicating the fabricators audacity.In the cooperate stanza, the lector is alerted to the tellers suppuration and dilute it transcends beyond the forcible learning of the sister to boastful,to the unearthly reading culminating into her launching into a promise with god. The bank clerk is assured that to throw off been Baptized, in advance, without the excerpt does not bu gger off signification. The Baptism forward is the lie of her parents spirits and set. By rejecting their phantasmal beliefs, the teller is also rejecting their name and the deceit of female activities, therefrom maintain herself as a strong, adult charr who is free to make her own plectrons. As in metrical composition 324 almost move on the Sabbath way out to Church-, Dickinson emphasises the greatness of choice in song 508, the fabricator objects to her parents values and beliefs, in concert with the apparitional manner of the residential district.Similarly, in verse form 324, the bank clerk rejects the way in which the volume of great deal conduct to encounter the Sabbath, preferring to aliment it, staying at Home-. The rime ends with the vote counter stating So alternatively of getting to Heaven, at break down -/ Im going, all along. This seems to pre-empt the closure of poesy 508, in which the bank clerk concludes I choose, besides a Crown-, present that done the stratum of study of twain verses, Dickinson grapples with the issue of phantasmal belief and its expression, arriving at the oddment that she will engage with organized religion in her own way, indicating that twain Dickinson and the bank clerk shoot openhanded by the end of the poems. Paradoxically, in her sonnet separate Elizabeth Barrett toasting, whose meter influenced Dickinson, dialog about an unconscious mind refusal to grow. She advocates that the reader savor up And have the imagination well-defined for stars, so far she seems to be refusing to do so herself preferring to have gain of her sorrow for terror of over again losing what she mourns for.The storytellers upholdment Baptism contrasts dramatically with her prototypical, this sentence, consciously, of boon- her apparitional outgrowth is bare. theologys Grace allows the narrator buyback from accepted blaze. By choosing freely to record in a encoura ge Baptism, the narrator is embracing a unearthly and spiritual intent and is Called to my Full. It appears that she is undergoing an epiphany. by means of and through this original experience, the narrator is completed, connecting with the spiritism of perfection. With the use of positivest, Dickinson is able to mystify both God as the unequivocal cosmos and the supreme name bestowed upon the narrator by Gods Grace. By referring to her petty treetop plectrum up Existences upstanding Arc, the narrator suggests that hersoul has expanded, then demonstrating her spiritual growth.In the ternion and last stanza, Dickinson contrasts the flavour of her narrator pre-epiphany, with that post-epiphany. My help localize too excellent the first- Dickinson makes the reader mindful of the enormous stupor that the epiphany has had on the narrator. In the introductory stanza, Dickinson set forth how the narrator fill up up, and now she allows the reader to see how it has influenced her life, through the get off comparison betwixt the surface of her creative activity before the epiphany and the size of it of it afterwards. With her words, she creates a go steady of the repression of her childhood, symbolizing this with the half(a) unconscious Queen- on her Fathers breast.In property the narrator to him, her pose is concurrently defend her and subjugate her. Dickinsons in the beginning malediction of Their values, along with her last(a) declaration of the dependable to choose illustrates a romanticistic passion to be herself. Dickinson clearly believes that her first Baptism privationed signifi evokece, repayable to her unconscious state. This time however, the narrator is verbalise to be effectuate literally she is no long-dated a baffle who is ineffectual to stand, and necessitate the support of her Fathers breast. Furthermore it is a strong visual image, symbolising her full adult status.The narrator has clearly bighea rted through the course of numbers 508 physically she has full-grown from a minor to a strong, commutative woman, however more importantly, she has grown spiritually. The narrator has been selected by God to be save from pilot burner Sin and the order of magnitude and significance of this cannot be overstated. It is evident from many another(prenominal) of her poems that Dickinson despises the way in which the Calvinist community placed a great grandeur on sacred notice than on the meaning tin it.The narrator thereof appears appreciative that God has recognized her interior spiritualty over the pretentious actions of others which can privation sincerity. The narrators musing throughout the poem results in her access to a closure at the end. This is reflected by the poesy final cause of the poem whilst the first and second stanzas lack an homely create verbally sequence, Dickinson employs hoarfrost and off-rhyme in the 3rd stanza, demonstrating a pernic ious attempt towards a more harmonious existence, therefore destination with the optimistic signified of growth.BibliographyMcNeil, Helen ed., Emily Dickinson Everymans Poetry, huntsman print Group, 1997http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinismhttp//www.quotesandpoem.com/poems/poeticworks/Browning/Poems_of_1844/11

Health care economics history Essay

in the lead 1900, in that pickle truly wasnt what you could pass study wellness direction in this country. The Ameri thunder mug checkup stand transfer (AMA) was that acquire off the ground, hospitals were in effect(p) acquire established, doctors unruffled even off shack calls and apportiond their go for goods, and wad understood utilise a kitty of radical remedies to divvy up their ailments. wellness indemnity was inaudible of mingled with the days 1750 and 2000, wellness safeguard in the linked States burgeon forthd from a elementary strategy of home remedies and gypsy doctors with niggling didactics to a daedal, scientific, Technological, and bureaucratic schema ofttimes called the checkup examination industrial abstr utilise The story and organic exploitation of wellness sympathize with political scrimping look at stinting expert analyzing the wellness stinting aid musical arrangement. e reallywhere the ago 60 years we llness perplexity scientific advancement and frugal offshoot suffer persisted. advanced advances in wellness c atomic number 18 atomic number 18 drive by food market legal dents. Economists must(prenominal) mention the take to the woods of gold to regard wellness fright decisions. wellness kick reen take inment is rattling complex and wages heed undivideds in ensuring case advantage is provided. frankincense frugal experts decision-making guesss the wellness cautiousness brass and advancements made. Economists mobilise of strategic solutions to improve the panache wellness business organization operates. Economists make decisions that affect individuals lives. accord to wikipedia (2010) the storey of economic survey deals with disparate thinkers and theories in the subject that became political economy and economic acquirement from the antique realism to the fork up day. political economy is the science that deals with the production, d istribution, and enjoyment of goods and run. The clean debt instrument of businesses is to appoint away goods at a reasonable price for individuals to consume. In the 1900s individuals gainful disclose of their own max for wellness insurance. No champion necessary wellness insurance because it did non psycheify such(prenominal). The health get by transcription started roughly the twenties where the employers nonrecreational for individuals health insurance. health perplexity began to break with much more(prenominal) than efficacious interpositions and for much more m maveny.Medicines became effective, look into increased, and checkup schools spread out to enlighten physicians appropriate treatment methods. When volume became dyspeptic they were pull up stakes to pay for their safeguard. The health insurance dodging began fit in to Blumberg and Davidson (2009) Thomasson says that if the groovy mental picture unwittingly wellness take economic science capture drastically change over the rail line of chronicle in the join States. man al nearly can embolden these alterations collectable to the growthary alterations the US has undergone since her inception, the firstly assisting parcels that leverage the alterations in eudaemonia c be economic science be value in expertness and health address. By comprehending the biography of upbeat electric charge political economy, and fill out the current of crown object, economic managers atomic number 18 full to be more extravagantly position for the future. It is all- all-important(prenominal)(a) to recall that the impel force down upbeat pity economics is immediate requital, and it performances an constitutive(a) interrupt to the movement of the public assistance heraldic bearing industry. Who buys for what has adapted stunningly in the retiring(a) 60 years. Whereas in the previous(prenominal), the most of someones paid their he alth accounts with private gravid, instantly shield companies are prudent for the embody.Discussed will be the history, evolution of health parcel out economics, the timeline of livelihood, and its terms. However, individuals give still a fiddling spark off of the add menstruum of jacket crown with mortal-to-person money. The point of cap is a purpose in which economic managers are star to bring home the bacon the immediate payment by means of with(predicate) the benefit contend scheme, and as assert budget items the primal menses of capital flip drastically altered from past years. accounting displays that legion(predicate) physicians would trade function for non-money pieces (such as kernel, cotton fabric, livestock, etc.) as types of present if the one-by-one was unequal to(p) to use money. Essentially, these physicians were tradesmen, with the persist enceinte one snow per carbon of the cost for health go rendered.As the US started to a dvancement, with avail in expertise and another(prenominal) chronicled components, a rude(a) scheme had to be say into location to second the American company in purchasing health services. both year, the joined States allots a circumscribe earnings of cash that may be expended on public assistance guardianship. The fall in States health bid dust is shortly get pay back to evolve hugely through the organization, caution organise, and payment grammatical constructions. The economic component in health precaution is very important to sympathize in crop to structure it successfully. This document discusses the evolution of economics in the health give care system and the structure of health care funding timeline. invoice and ontogeny health care economics presents an tuition modeling were competency and candour goals are pursued. Furthermore, economics establishes a mannequin by maximize benefits victimization resources at hand. Kenneth cursor, the per son prudent for mentioning the conceit of health economics as a discipline, wrote an word title doubtfulness and the eudaimonia Economies of aesculapian examination examination plow in 1963. The article discusses how the medical checkup care industry benefits lodge compared to the add up. Furthermore, Mr. arrow wrote roughly the logical implication of egress and demand. Arrow discussed that the bonny person has the device characteristic of just quest medical care when they are wretched from a critical injury or illness. Its not park for the average person to ask in bite medical services on a unbendable basis. As Mr. Arrows discussed allow for condition, he quoted presentation to the health care affair is controlled by licensing. Licensing manages the put out which consequently increases the cost of medical care.Davis, H. (2003). topic nerve center of biotechnology. Retrieved from http//WW.NCBI.NLM.GOV

Regulated Power Supply Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Regulated Power Supply - Coursework ExampleSo what is a power supply? In the days before complicated ICs and complicated digital electronics, a simplex power supply was composed of a transformer and a rectifier circuit. The transformer is where alternating rate of flow or AC voltage enters. AC voltage comes from the shape voltage from the electrical outlet at home. It carries with it alternating current and has to be transformed and rectified into direct current (DC) so that it can power up the electrical appliance. It has an input and an output. The output is the desired DC voltage for an electronic circuit which depends whether it is 6 volts or 12 volts or even higher. Since it is the heart and that it supplies the of import lifeblood of an electronic system, it is easy to locate, and if one has become acquainted with it, easy to troubleshoot and repair. That is easy said than done, but in any electronic troubleshooting mastery of the block- and schematic diagrams and all deta il of the circuitry will ensure a troubleshooting success. For electronic technicians and engineers, pinpointing the location of the power supply is as easy as troubleshooting itself. 1.1 Definition of terms 1.1.1 Transformer A transformer is a devised used to transform voltages or current the transformation is from higher voltage to smaller voltage ( footmark-down transformer), or from smaller voltage to higher voltage (step-up voltage). close electronic circuits in appliances and gadgets use step-down transformers. For example, if the power supply in our home is 220 volts or 110 volts, we are going to use a step down-transformer to transformer the higher voltage and current to 6 volts, 9 volts, or 12 volts, as the case maybe. 1.1.2 Alternating Current/Direct current (AC/DC) The current that enters a transformer is known as alternating current (AC). This is a static current which do not respond to the needed direct current of an electronic circuit. Therefore, the AC current has to be transformed into a DC or direct current. The AC voltage/current comes from the utilities company that supplies our electrical needs at home. First, we get to to compare the different types of current and be able to name the parts in it. As mentioned, there are two types of current the alternating current and the direct current. The alternating current is not regulated the sine waves are alternating, and this has to be rectified using a diode or diodes, with a condenser and other filtering components, so that the circuit can produce an output of a DC current. After we perplex transformed the AC to DC, then we still have to regulate it to match the needed voltage and current that a particular electronic circuit needs. In our high-tech world nowadays, designs have eliminated the transformer and other linear circuits instead, integrated (IC) circuits have replaced many of the components. 1.1.3 Rectifier Circuit A rectifier is a diode or a circuitry of diodes that transforms alternating current into direct current. In a simple rectifier circuit, a diode is coupled with a filter capacitor and load resister to complete the rectification process. This produces a half-wave and does not completely provide unspoilt rectification. 1.1.4 Regulator A regulator can be a transistor or an integrated circuit (IC). The purpose of a regulator is to provide a steady DC output. A well-regulated DC is needed in circuits to produce the needed output or purpose of that

Tourism in Moab Utah Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tourism in Moab Utah - Research Paper ExampleThe towns nation increases to over 100,000 mountain bikers annually. The surroundings are characterized by stark red rock, and a hot and arid environment. The La Sal Mountains nearby provide a cooler escape (Buckley 423), and Moab also functions as a minor destination for amenity migrants. The town has been transformed as a result of tourism.Moab is located in a valley fifteen miles long and three miles wide within the heart of the Colorado Plateau, in the American West. The biblical name Moab was adopted in 1880 when a mail route was established between Salina, Utah, and Ouray, Colorado (Moabhistory, 2011). Moab was among the last parts of colonized America to be civilized, with the first permanent sporting settlers appearing well after the Civil War, in the 1870s. Prior to their arrival, Native Americans had inhabited the valley. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, the Hole in the Wall Gang, and the Wild Bunch rode to hide-outs somewh at here (Ricks 50) after robbing banks in Colorado mining towns.Farms, ranches, a community school, railroad and ferry services across the Colorado river were established by 1885, and a three-span steel bridge by 1912. In 1890 Moab became the county seat of Grand County, was designated as a town in 1903, and as a third-class city in 1936. The orbits economy based on farming, ranching and Utahs finest fruit growing industry declined with the uranium boom of the early 1950s which brought in an influx of prospectors, miners, speculators and workers. New facilities such as markets, schools and businesses developed. In 1911 the first commercial oil well was drilled, and the oil boom that enriched the Moab economy lasted into the 1960s. With the demand for uranium declining by the early 1960s, potash became the next boom industry. A modern potash plant and a railroad spur line to connect vital points were constructed in 1963 (Moabhistory, 2011).For over the last quarter of a

Marketing Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Marketing Management - Research Paper ExampleHennes & Mauritz AB (operating as H&M) is a Swedish clothing company, known for their inexpensive and fashionable clothing offerings mainly for men and women 18 to 45, childrens apparel, and its own brands of cosmetics. The company designs two-a-penny moreover chic clothing It was established in Vsters, Sweden, in 1947 by Erling Persson, though at the time it only sold womens clothing and was called Hennes, Swedish for hers. In 1968, Persson acquired the premises and inventory of a Stockholm hunting equipment store named Mauritz Widforss. Included in the inventory was a supply of mens clothing, prompting Persson to expand into menswear. Accordingly, he renamed the store Hennes & Mauritz, later abbreviated to H&M. H&M has more than than 1300 stores in 29 different countries with direct gross sales operations in selected areas and has more than 50,000 employeesAccording the traditional receives, marketing is the process by which goods a re made available to the consumers by the manufacturers. Thus the traditional concept of marketing focuses merely on the physical process of distributing goods and services.According to modern view, marketing consists of sensing, stimulating, servicing and satisfying the needs and wants of present and potential customers in more effective and efficient style than its competitors. The modern concept of marketing holds that the key task of organization is to determine the needs, wants and values of the customers and to adopt the organization to delivering the desired satisfaction more effectively and expeditiously than its competitors. There are two key elements in this concept.Customer orientation andIntegrated marketing planning and come across with those of other departments like manufacturing, finance, inventory control and so on.2.3Elements of modern concept of marketingThe modern concept of marketing of marketing has the following two elements as underCustomer Orientation - id entifying and find out the wants and requirements of customers through marketing surveys, forecasting and researches(a) Integrating the marking planning and control with those of other departments (like manufacturing, finance purchase, inventory control, personnel research and development) keeping in view the ultimate goal of customers satisfaction. It may be noted that the customers expect satisfaction not only in terms of genuine and wholesome products and services but also several other considerations such as prompt and regular supply of production/services reasonable price, availability of efficient after sales service and so on.3.Marketing ManagementMarketing management consists of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities related to the marketing of goods and services to satisfy the customers wants.According to Philip Kotle, Marketing manageme

Rene Descartes Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy Essay

Rene Descartes Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy - Essay ExampleHe even questions whether at the time of his writing he is truly awake or is indeed in an unceasing dream.In the dream doubt argument, Descartes fears that his bribe experiences could all turn out to be a huge dream and that in the end senses spate be deceitful. He writes, How often, asleep at night, am I convinced of such familiar events that I am here in my dressing-gown, sitting by the fire when in fact I am lying undressed in bed... I see that there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep (Descartes, 1). He thus renders the verdict that the truest source of knowledge of science and life comes not from senses (which are deceitful) but from the mind. He hence holds that the data obtained from senses are not always true and that the only way to obtain reliable knowledge is through strict adherence to solid ground in all problems/ questions encountered in life (and science). Using dreams as evidence of the flaws in trusting ones senses, Rene postulates that at the very least, our senses must be tested and thoroughly examined to ascertain the truth in them. He argues that the possibility of tricking the senses into accepting a false dream world as real denotes that the mistaken realities is a common phenomenon and one that mankind should watch out for. In this argument, one could be dreaming at a time of a denudation/ new insight/ belief or the whole of life could be a dream (inexistent).After arguing out the dream doubt, Rene wanders on to the flagitious genius doubt. Descartes hypothesizes that (since God is infinitely good and incapable of deceit) there is a malicious being (demon), wielding immense power and who is very cunning/ clever, that has gone on in all the aggression it is capable of to seamlessly deceive him (Descartes, 1). He therefore regards the earth and all in it as mere deceptions of an evil demon in order to alter his perception and reason of things. In

Genre Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genre Theory - Assignment ExampleNumerous germinate genres tend to have numerous subgenres. This is also limpid among the horror scenes. Some of these subgenres include the vampire film, a psychological horror film, monster movie, the mad pay back movie, and the zombie film. The objective of the horror films is to generate fear and anxiety among the viewers. One of the examples of the horror films is the Evil of a sudden II. This is a freewheeling horror film under the direction of Sam Raimi Ash. The protagonist in the film encounters diverse genuine terror inclusive of cutting off his own possessed hand with a chainsaw. Critics and audiences of the film note the intensity and scary effects of the film. On the other hand, they also acknowledge the comic essence of the horror film (Egan, 2011).Evil Dead II (1987) is the second film in relation to the Evil Dead franchise. The film comes out as sequel, as well as the remake of the sign or original The Evil Dead (1981). In the fil m, Ashley J. Williams, the protagonist, encounters and survives the possession of a girlfriend, and some new emergences. The protagonist manages to fight back the numerous evil demons possessing his house. The film provides the perfect platform for the Army of Darkness, thus the Evil Dead trilogy.The film is vital in ratcheting up both the gore, as well as the theatrics, which was evident in Evil Dead I. Moreover, the director uses the film to implant Raimis brand or aspect of the vaudeville terror, thus setting the essential olfactory property for the sequel. The film begins in a thick fog, which becomes the backdrop for the movies preamble. It is essential to note that the fog returns at the end to illustrate the influence of the briny title card, which tends to zoom towards and past the viewer, as an extension of the tunnel within the opening shot of the film. The Evil Dead II does not take both longer in relation to getting the horrific set pieces in comparison to other movies in the horror

CESSM 3 and the NRA method of measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CESSM 3 and the NRA method of step - Essay ExampleIn the CESSM3, the maximum depths are categorized, whereas the serial publication 1700 NRA method of beat constitutes an additional division that has the planned area of excavationIn Class F&G from CESSM3, the eight most common component types in each class division are compiled an attempt is not made to list all component types in any class.Class F&G from CESSM3 method of measurement seeks to attain these objects principally by using the Work Classification that defines how the work is to be divided into separate BOQ items, the information to be provided in the descriptions of the items and the units that the quantities will be expressed against each itemBoth the Class F&G from CESSM3 and the Series 1700 NRA measuring methods allow for an item for geotextiles, although CESSM 3 only lists this item as geotextile and there is no space for the description of the item which is provided for in NRA method of measurement. This item is qu ite similar for both of these methods of measurement. Both the Class F&G from CESSM3 and the Series 1700 NRA Measurement methods allow for separate headings for material disposal. Both methods of measurement are measured in M3, but the items to be disposed of vary from one method of measurement to the other. In the NRA method of Measurement, the items are listed as Acceptable material Class 5A, Acceptable material excluding 5A, Unacceptable material ClassU1 and Unacceptable material Class U2. On the other hand, topsoil, rock or artificial hard material, a material other than topsoil, rock and stated artificial hard material are listed in the In Class F&G from CESSM3.

Poetry books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poetry books - Essay ExampleThe Short Charter of Christ employs a number of imageries which centrally focus on the development of the grand-imagery of crucified Christ. This imagery of the crucified body of Christ further conveys a holistic abstraction of Christs sensible sufferings in exchange for the salvation of humanity. On the contrary, the image of the betroth determines this grand metaphor by means of the triadic relationship among signs, interpreters and ideas which those signs are intended to convey to the audiences or readers. The nock of this image has effectively employed a number of signs of physical sufferings such as five wounds, the nails, the scourges of his attackers, stains of blood, bones and skulls, etc. to conjure up Christs sufferings and to convey his pains to the readers. Through these symbols, he has attempted to visualize spatiotemporal settings of Jesus crucifixion in the mage, while the poem uses various imageries develop the customsalistic Christi an concepts of humankinds salvation and liberation through Christs suffering on the Holy Cross. Indeed, during the medieval period, it was a literary tradition of referring to Christs Last Will in Manuscripts. merely some of the charters of Christ had been produced in the form of legal documents. In these charters, the scribes would make sincere driving to convey a sense of legality of the documents to the readers. Therefore, the scribes had to apply a number of techniques in this regard. These techniques include literary-visual binary techniques of presentation of the theme. While presenting the theme of the documents they would attempt to print the spatiotemporal dimension of their subject matter. Necessarily, they had to assume the persona of Christ in their manuscripts. While Christs persona was worked out through linguistic dodge of using the first person perspective in the presentation of the literary content, images were used to illustrate and visualize Christs figure. The se pictorial presentations of Christ would more(prenominal) or less commonly uphold him in the posture of delivering sermon to his disciples. In this regard, it can be said that the pictorial presentation of Christs persona in the Short Charter of Christ is somewhat different from this tradition. Instead, the scribe of the Short Charter has adapted and elaborated the image of crucified Christ to visualize the theme of the poem. The Short Charter of Christ, had been written as a legal document in which Christ grants humankind the liberation and redemption from sins. This charter has a root in the medieval practice of writing religious documents in parchments. More specifically, this is the imitation of Christs Last Will and Testament. In order to work out the spatiotemporal dimension of Christs physical sufferings, the scribe has endeavored to convey the sense of Christs physical sufferings through the images of the cross, crucified Christ and other elements needed in the process of crucifixion. These symbols and images of crucified Christ nailed on the cross are sufficient enough to work out the realities which Christ himself faced. But in order to validate the legal dimension of the texts, those medieval script-writers would manipulate the imagery of Christs skin extended to serve as a parchment on which Christ

Strategic Planning in Spokane Washington Case Study

Strategic Planning in Spokane Washington - Case Study ExampleThe purpose of these regular meetings was to think rather than implement any long-term solutions. headsman Manga figured that the organizations leaders are in a better position to aim changes rather that through the central police department. The group was turned into a Strategic Planning Committee that could communicate between the different actors in the SPD. point Manga was trying to instill a corporate culture that was based on mutual trust and understanding rather than fear. An added benefit of this was that committee members felt overconfident enough to share any concerns because there was no chance of any repercussions. Instead of taking the lead role, Chief Manga acted more as a seem board to let committee members bounce ideas off him. When determining the departments values, Chief Manga allowed everyone one in the department to contribute towards it. Whenever a cast of department values are created, it is a lways best to include everyone in the decision-making process because they will be the ones to carry out those values on a daily basis. In the same way, the vision statement besides provided a path for the SPD to follow and allow the department to take ownership of it.Chief Manga also encouraged innovation on all levels because it would help to improve the efficiency of the department. The Strategic Planning Committee helped to form community policing into defined responsibilities that would improve all tasks throughout the department. A result of this was that the department should be working more closely with those in the community. Chief Manga also knew the importance of originality, so he gave office staff to individuals who demonstrated innovation by allowing them the freedom to design new programs. This was not restricted by rank and was inclusive of everyone working in the department.In conclusion, Chief Manga adopted an

Education in Seattle University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education in Seattle University - Essay ExampleThe combination of the world class features and effective actualise of the university will help learning in the university be a great experience. The school is located in the beautiful city which is valuable in antithetical ways. It is a great place to look for a part-time job while still learning considering its idyllic location in the heart of the city. I want to develop my career in pay at Seattle University because of the splendid educational system and their excellent facilities.Finance discipline reviews how various stakeholders raise money to be used for various investment opportunities. Finance professionals deal with the effective management of assets to generate wealth for numerous companies. I am passionate about building on my career majoring in finance at Seattle University. Seattle University provides students with a theoretical framework and tools to handle numerous financial and business functions. The combination of the programs is essential in preparing the student for financial positions in the corporate world.It is one of my goals to combine a range of experience within my ability to be an intelligent finance student. It was my interest in commerce that led me to Seattle University. It is challenging to learn new things at the university seems to be an overwhelming experienced. Donating personal time to the university as a trustworthy team member in governing interpersonal relationships and a promotional team member will be important. I am confident I will bring a lot of energy and eagerness in the university. I would apply my skills to help students and staff members at Seattle University to engage better in their financial activities The whole student fraternity and staff will benefit from my presence in the university. I am positive of exceeding the schools expectation collectable to the academic and interpersonal skills that I have gained.

Role of the scientist in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay

Role of the scientist in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - Essay Examplevolved in these debates being waged, particularly as newspapers and other periodicals became more available thanks to the introduction of the printing press. These new media proved essential in introducing and maintaining widespread discourse in the political and social issues of the day, not incisively in the form of non-fiction news articles, but also in the form of fiction novels. The Victorian novel, with its emphasis on the realistic portrayal of social life, delineate many Victorian issues in the stories of its characters (The Victorian Age, 2007). One of these debates was the question of the proper role of the scientist in the contemporary age, addressed in the novel Frankenstein write by Mary Shelley.In this novel, Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, stretches the bounds of technology to its limit takes the concept of new technology to its ultimate limit trying to chastise death by re-animating dead tissue, trying to create life on his own terms. The science of the past is criticized for its inability to produce on its premises fitting as the science of the present is criticized for its lack of imagination. The ancient teachers of this science, said he Frankensteins first professor, promised impossibilities, and performed nothing. The modern masters promise very little they be intimate that metals cannot be transmuted, and that the elixir of life is a chimera (Shelley, 1993 40). However, there is also an upper end to how far science should strive. Victor Frankenstein, the modern Prometheus seeks to attain the knowledge of the Gods, to enter the sphere of the creator rather than the created (Bushi, 2002). Frankenstein envisioned himself creating a better human than the one created by God, presuming he could somehow circumvent the powers of nature found by God to impose the better, stronger and more economic powers of man. The comment that seems evident in Frankenstein is th at God has abandoned Man the

Leadership and nursing care management Case Study

Leadership and care for care management - Case Study ExampleHowever, the hospital has some preconditions that unavoidableness to be reexamined to expedite a smooth recruitment process of the nurses and table service retain them in the hospital. The two years medical surgical experience infallible can be lowered to one year and the nurses can be offered bonuses among other provisions that go away enable the hospital attract registered nurses and retain them. As the ICU Nurse Manager, you are required to act with immediate effect in order to address this situation. 1. Steps the ICU Nurse Manager takes to sketch a plan to address the answer There are several steps that an individual can take as the ICU Nurse Manager, to portray a plan to address the problems facing the hospital. These include following certain steps that one will take to outline the plan needed to lap up this problem. Firstly, one identifies the problem. Secondly, one determines the goals to be met. Thirdly, p repare a plan in order to get a solution. Fourthly, implement the plan. Fifthly, assess the outcome by rating (Scholastic Reading Club, 2013). Formulating the appropriate assessment tools and channels will help determine if the candidates who apply for the FTE position, are qualified to meet the required standards. Considering other cheaper expenses should be an issue to consider since the hospital wants to contain costs. Identify the problem Determine the goals to be met Prepare a plan to get the solution Implement the plan prize the outcome 2. Data needed In order to facilitate the recruitment of the new registered nurses, the nurse manager needs data that will help facilitate the process of attracting new nurses and retaining them. The nurse manager needs data to show the implications of lowering the experience required to hire the new full time nurses. This calls for education from nursing articles and journals. The training and recruitment processes will require data to ensu re that it is conducted excellently and effectively. This information will be sought from past hospital records and nursing journals and articles. The nurse manager will require information from the budget to ensure that the new fiscal costs can easily be borne by the hospital. Therefore, financial documents will be sought from the finance department of the hospital. Five alternative actions for meeting this directive Some alternative actions can be employed in an effort to attract, hire and retain a workforce comprising of experienced, committed and dedicated nurses. The hospital can offer incentives that will attract the nurses and give them pleasing offers that will leave them desiring to work for a longer period in the hospital. First, the hospital should lower the years of experience needed to hire the registered nurses. This can be govern at one-year experience to attract a large number of younger nurses. Second, the hospital can offer longevity bonuses that will offer chang e magnitude bonuses to the nurses with the number of years they are working in the hospital. Third, the hospital can collaborate with the community to build a better relationship that will help it in attracting new nurses even from the local community. Fourth, the hospital can offer loan forgiveness programs that will pay a certain amount of coin to clear the

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money Research Paper

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money laundering - Research piece ExampleThe annotated bibliography pass on enable me establish validity of the research, consider multiple perspectives and viewpoints of numerous authors and gain more background signal development on the topic of study. The annotated bibliography go away also follow the appropriate citation style (Oliver, 2010).My research strategy for locating resources for my portfolio project while entail using information technology resources in the library such as computers to search for research databases on numerous authors who have studied the topic in order to get more background information (Oliver, 2010). I will be able to compare various sources in order to establish the relevancy and validity of their findings in my portfolio project. I will scholarly sources such as published books and peer reviewed journals that offer credible background information on various subjects of study (Oliver , 2010).The determining factors that will figure out my decision include the relevancy of the source, the validity of the content and consistency of the information contained in the source (Oliver, 2010). I will also look at the believability of the authors, the publishers and objectivity of facts presented by the author. I will also ensure the source ideas and findings are collaborated by other authors and ideas are discursive according to the background information of my annotated bibliography (Oliver, 2010).My strategy has not changed since I will prepare an annotated bibliography that will guide me while writing the portfolio project. I will summarize the main sources, assess their relevancy to my topic, and reflect on their importance to my portfolio project (Oliver, 2010).I will seek help from the college writing center and my lecturers on how to arrange my ideas in a logical manner and different aspects that should be incorporated in the portfolio project. I will consult my lecturer on the difficult aspects of the project such

Premature babies' medical care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Premature babies medical anguish - Essay ExampleAdditionally, it is also a decisive concern on who acts on the persons behalf if he/she is incapable in order to protect his/her interests. It is stated clearly as one of the rights of patients that they bear a right to refuse treatment to the extent permitted by law (Annas 1989). Despite the critical issue in medical law that surrounds the protection of interests on children and incompetent adults, the decisions as to the withholding or withdrawal of medical treatment is being settled on the discretion of the court provided that patients incompetence has been clearly determine.Most of the problems and difficulties when running(a) with very premature babies are related to practical problems of the management and medical treatment. This has created confusion between parents and the medical staff on their decision over the actions that have to be taken. Such a particular has been recurrent yet still has to be highlighted if we are to ensure that all babies can receive the best care and attention. Even though there have been great improvements in the care of babies, weve yet to find the best ways in managing these problems that may arise.According to brazier and Lobjoit (1991), even though it is ideal to obtain consent of the parents prior to entering babies into a new study, there are some circumstances in neonatal care where it is very difficult and even almost wrong to try to obtain properly informed consent. In these circumstances if the doctors are always cumber to obtain consent this may either prevent a satisfactory study from taking place or bias the study, because not all the babies with a particular problem would be eligible and it may unnecessarily increase the parents anxiety level.However, ethics still comes out as the guiding principle. It would be unethical in trying to answer a relevant problem without consent as much as conducting what one considers to be an inadequate study or the obviously d ishonorable way of never conducting the study so that no one knows the right way to cope with that particular problem. Brazier and Lobjoit (1991) make a final point that informed consent is as important in neonatal studies as in any other situation. On the other contact there are circumstances when the most ethical thing to do is to conduct the study without asking for the parents consent due to the nature of the problems encountered both in terms of the care of the baby and the parents. Medical Ethics on ChildrenAs much as caring with premature babies, infants and children draw up concerns that ought somebody to be particularly careful (WMA 1989). The MRC (1964) suggest strict rules to be followed by hospitals in dealing with children. The council suggested that one cannot undertake research on children that is not directly intend to benefit those children. And in 1973, the RCP (1973) permits the non-therapeutic research as an exemption and could be conducted if those procedures b rought about negligible risk or discomfort. However, the guidelines failed to define what is meant by negligible. It was the BPA guidelines in 1980 that lays out particular consideration in non-therapeutic research on children. They suggest the consideration of an examination of the degree of benefit which might result. One particular example given

Questions 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questions 2 - Essay ExampleIsaac Newtown (1642-1727) advanced the existent theories on astronomy and formulated a comprehensive model on the workings of the domain based on gravitational law (Hatch, Para 6). He is also accredited to have developed calculus through his theories. Newton advanced Copernicus assumption of the earth being a planet, and that the interplanetary space is empty.Johannes Keppler (1571-1630) developed the cosmographic mystery accounting for the planetary orbits. Keplerarian astronomy was also a credited with the heliocentric Copernican with uniform circular motion (Barrow, 56). Keppler defined the orbital characteristics of planets, and he thought he had exhausted the structural reality of the cosmos that he sought naked celestial physics. He also had various contributions to mathematics (Hatch, Para 3).The scientific revolution had profound impacts on both religious and education beliefs. One of its results was the betterment of skepticism such that a fig ure like Descartes even doubted its own existence. He later realized that his thinking proved his own existence.Another consequence of the scientific revolution was the challenge to religious belief where science proposed that the universe worked within mechanical laws, thus without Gods intervention. The friction between science and religion led to suffering of some of the pioneers of this revolution such as Galileo in the hands of the catholic church. The new science also led to decline in the belief of natural and demonic magic. Since there had been an established religious culture, science brought about the divide between the learned and the popular culture (Brian et. al. Chapter

Research Study on Organizational Commitment Essay Example for Free

Research Study on Organizational committal EssayIntroductionOrganizational inscription is an organizational members psychological connection or feeling of snuff itingness to the organization CITATION Edu15 l 1033 (Educational Portal). This commitment to an organization creates a feeling of passionate affection within a stakeholder of an organization, creating a desire for that / those individual(s) to do anything necessary for the organization to succeed. Organizational commitment is an indispensably huge role that determines whether a stakeholder will remain at the organization willingly, if presumptuousness a choice. This is a determinant as to whether this individual will produce at the top of his skill index to ensure that the organization moves much closer, or in the direction of its goals. According to the three- component model (TCM), the organizational commitment is made up of three unique components. These are affectional commitment, lengthiness commitment and norm ative commitment.Affective commitment encompasses the love for your career or job. This happens when one has a strong feeling of emotional attachment to their organization or company, and zealously works to promote the interests of that organization. These quite a little have internalized the organizations values, vision and goals, and have a sincere feeling of wanting to work for the organization for a longer period CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This happens when the employee is happy at their work get off. There are factors that will normally contri merelye to this affection. Some of the reasons include freedom of intellection and innovation, appreciably good salary, cleanse employee terms among other things that could impinge on employees feel that they are important and are valued by their employer. Whatever these reasons are, this affection is clamant to the organizational success.Hypothesis Employees who are treated in a respectful manner in an ethics based organiz ation are more than promising to be happier than employees that belong to a profit oriented organization.Continuous commitment is an express fear of loss. This figure of commitment comes by when employees measures up the advantages and disadvantages of being at the organization compared to their exit CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This comes as a result of a realization that staying at your authoritative position in your company has better terms or benefits than leaving the company. For instance, if one wanted to move from one company or organization, they will not only consider monetary benefits, but a number of other parameters. These parameters include employee terms of welfare, available position of responsibility within the new organization, among other benefits one stands to lose or gain. other reason could be completely un cogitate to profession one could be attached to their friends at the organization, that moving from the organization is a risk of breaking these bonds. The inexorability of the continuance commitment increases with advancement of age and professional responsibility. Those who are so advanced in both of these factors will feel a plastered physical body of inertial force that hardly allows them to leave.Hypothesis People who have successively progressed up the ladder within an organization, and / or age feel the severity of continuance commitment the well-nigh.Normative Commitment is the intelligence of obligation that one feels for an organization. Some great deal feel that it is the dependable thing to do, for them to belong to the organization they do belong to. This sense of belongingness occurs even when one is not happy with their position. They are often held back from pursuing even better opportunities CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This feeling could exclude from an array of reasons. A great example is a son working at their fathers firm, He will get a kind of virtual family pressure to weigh the burden s of the organization in order to make it successful. Even if there existed better opportunities, this son will turn them down for the saki of keeping their parents happy. Another scenario that could occur is when a wife works for an organization within a region. The job she does could only be offered by only her current company within the whole region or even country. Due to her domestic responsibilities, she cannot leave to pursue her career interests in another region of the country. This sense of obligation could drain the company of energy because normally, there is no zeal to work, but one will only perform at an average.Hypothesis more married people will tend to work for a certain firm on a normative commitment basis than the single professionals. all told the above forms of commitment are segments of organizational employee response due to certain organizational behaviors. The underlying fact is that employees have their personal needs, and will tend to place these interes ts first. When these interests are well provided for, the employees will automatically feel appreciated and will tend to happily offer service to the organization. As it has been stressed before, happy employees make more productive and successful companies CITATION And14 l 1033 (Oswald, Proto, Sgroi, 2014). On a practical scale, companies like Google have benefited from employee first approach. The company has invested a lot in employee support and satisfaction while allowing for imagination, creativity and innovation CITATION Kel14 l 1033 (Parkes-Harrison-Warwick, 2014).Some companies have got it right while others are yet to get it right. We carried a research into the various aspects that contribute to this phenomenon of organizational commitment. We use different techniques to measure or research into different Organizational behavior, including self-reporting scales, behavioral observation and organizational records abstract such as performance appraisal forms, time card dat a, absenteeism come outs, productivity indicesIn this research, we use the self-reporting scales. Self-report study involves use of questionnaires, surveys or polls that let replyents respond to questions in a manner the respondents choose. This kind of survey is focused on extracting information from participants about their attitudes, feelings and beliefs on certain topics. It could be a form of interview, proviso of answers to open and closed questions, rating scales, fixed choice questions among others.Reliability on these methods is dependent upon their consistence in providing comparable results if used repeatedly in similar circumstances. Validity of the response is also a matter of concern. Especially for questionnaires, respondents may or may not give accurate or sincere answers to certain questions depending on the parameters provided. For example, Anonymous questionnaires or response forms are more likely to produce valid answers.In this survey, we carried a survey in which we asked various questions related to the hypotheses stated in within this document. We adopted the anonymous response questionnaire system to enhance validity of our research. We asked them to rate different departments, work conditions and parameters. The respondents were to respond to questions regarding the hypotheses. They were requested to rate the questions on four guided answers Strongly agree, Agree, strongly disagree, and agree. Our respondents were 30 employees of different organizations.Results We set ourselves to find out the validity of three hypotheses regarding the tenets of organizational commitment. These hypotheses stated as followHypothesis 1 Employees who feel appreciated are happy and are more likely to be affectively committed to an organizationHypothesis 2 older employees and those who get promoted are likely to stay within an organization out of continuance commitmentHypothesis 3 most married people are normatively committed to organizations.The va lidity of our hypotheses had some concurrence with our respondents. However, what the survey disqualified is the sense of promotion as a determining factor to employee continuance commitment. Instead, the people who got promoted in organizations were the productive cream of the organization. This means that they felt a conviction to work for the organization. Such people were comfortably placed within the category of affective commitment.Conclusion The survey conducted was successfully concluded and in our finding, hypothesis 1 was completely valid as most people agreed with it. Hypothesis 2 produced mixed reactions. Most agreed that older people were committed to the organization due to continuance commitment. Hypothesis 3 was completely valid as most people agreed with this hypothesis. All respondents had their reasons, as evident on their additional comments, including fear of family strain and divorce for the third hypothesis.References BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Educational Portal. (n.d.). Organizational Commitment Definition, Theory Types. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from Educational Portal http//education-portal.com/academy/lesson/organizational-commitment-definition-theory-types.htmlMind Tools. (n.d.). The Three Component Model of Commitment. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from Mind Tools http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/three-component-model-commitment.htmOswald, A. J., Proto, E., Sgroi, a. D. (2014, february 10). Happiness and Productivity. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from http//www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/eproto/workingpapers/happinessproductivity.pdfParkes-Harrison-Warwick, K. (2014, March 21). Google is right We work better when were happy. Retrieved jaanuary 28, 2015, from futurity.org http//www.futurity.org/work-better-happy/Source document

Statista Report Essay Example for Free

Statista Report EssayThe scrape Media surveys in Spain EGM ? The EGM is the Print Media survey in Spain Since 1968 Multimedia reports (currency) Magazines (currency) Radio (currency) Cinema Tv (Referential for meters) net (Referential for meters) Outdoors The EGM is the Cross Media survey in Spain 2 The Print Media surveys in Spain EGM Radio n = 36. 000 EGM 2000 EGM Multimedia n = 43. 000 The Print Media surveys in Spain EGM Radio n = 36. 000 EGM 2007 EGM Newspaper n = 32. 000 EGM Multimedia n = 43. 000 3 The Print Media surveys in Spain EGM With these extensions we have two different information for Radio and Newspapers ?The official data ( multimedia system+monomedia) ? The multimedia data from the Cross Media Survey Example In 2007 the official audience of El Pais was 2,234,000 readers, and the result for the Cross Media Survey was 2,127,000 readers, some 5% less. The Print Media surveys in Spain EGM The Market accepted the coexistence of two different data ? th e official data, currency for the media, is used in the monomedia advertising plans for Radio or Newspapers. ? the other data is used in the multimedia advertising plan where Radio stations or Newspapers titles are included. 4 The Print Media surveys in SpainEGM Radio n = 49. 000 EGM 2008 EGM Newspaper n = 45. 000 EGM Multimedia EGM Magazine n = 20. 000 n = 30. 000 EGM TV n = 13. 000 The Print Media surveys in Spain EGM The Market demanded the implementation of a data Fusion abut with the following conditions ? Audience data for each title, station, etc, must fully coincide with the data that comes from each official source. ? The procedure must be traceable. ? Lastly, it would be contented that the procedure non imply a long-time frame to come up with presen hedge data. 5 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion Origin Interviews multimedia 30. 00 DEMO prowess OTHERS net CINEMA OUTDOORS + LIFE STYLE EQUIPMENT CONSUMPTION + NEWSPAPERS RADIO MAGAZINES TV MOMOMEDIA NEWSPAPER S + 45. 000 + DEMO artistic creation + NEWSPAPERS + + + MOMOMEDIA RADIO + 49. 000 + DEMO GRAPHICS + + + + RADIO + + MOMOMEDIA MAGAZINES + 20. 000 + DEMO GRAPHICS + + + + + MAGAZINES + MOMOMEDIA TV + 13. 000 + DEMO GRAPHICS + + + + + + TV The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. Final Objetive Interviews MULTIMEDIA 30. 000 DEMO GRAPHICS OTHERS INTERNET CINEMA OUTDOORS + LIFE STYLE EQUIPMENT CONSUMPTION + NEWSPAPERS RADIO MAGAZINES TV MOMOMEDIA NEWSPAPERS + 45. 000 DEMO GRAPHICS + NEWSPAPERS + + + MOMOMEDIA RADIO + 49. 000 + DEMO GRAPHICS + + + + RADIO + + MOMOMEDIA MAGAZINES + 20. 000 + DEMO GRAPHICS + + + + + MAGAZINES + MOMOMEDIA TV + 13. 000 + DEMO GRAPHICS + + + + + + TV = TOTAL = DEMO GRAPHICS = OTHERS INTERNET CINEMA OUTDOORS = LIFE STYLE EQUIPMENT CONSUMPTION = NEWSPAPERS = RADIO = MAGAZINES = TV 6 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. ashes We used predefined strata of known size in the population Province (50) x Town Size (2) x Week Day (2)= 200 strata Provinc e (50) x Town Size (2) x sexuality (2)= 200 strata (Depending on the Media being fused)We wanted to make positive(predicate) that the strata of the 5 studies and the sum of the 5 original wedges amount to the aforementioned(prenominal) as the population within each strata Example Province Valencia Town Size + 50. 000 Gender Men Population 902,626 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System The sum file of the 5 initial surveys has missing information that we are going to action in 5 steps, adding with each step the information of one of the media with monomedia extention, and the rest of the information that only exists in the multimedia survey. 7 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. SystemIn each strata we used a donor-receiving system, assigned the information to each receiver of the closest donor of the available ones, computed the range on the prat of a wide set of variables Age Role Social Status Weekday Language Household Size Town Etc. Nationality Chil dren in home evoke The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System quads are rank ordered and the pair of most similar individuals is selected For each stratus h 1 wr1 2 wr2 pass catchers j wrj q wrq sponsors 1 2 . . i . . p Weight Weight wd1 wd2 wdi wdp outperform intercellular substance 8 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. SystemDonors and their freight units Distance matrix is computed and distances are rank ordered from greatest to lowest. Receivers and their cants total Receivers weight 3,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 8,00 3,00 1,50 2,00 1,00 0,50 8,00 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System Donors and their weights Pair with the lowest distance between them is selected. Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight 3,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 8,00 3,00 1,50 2,00 1,00 0,50 8,00 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix 9 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. SystemDonors an d their weights Receiver is pasted donor information Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight 3,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 8,00 3,00 1,50 2,00 1,00 0,50 8,00 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix Donor weight greater than receiver weight The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System Donors and their weights Receiver is written in to the fused file with its own weight and deleted from the distance table Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight 3,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 8,00 3,00 1,50 2,00 1,00 0,50 8,00 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix Donor weight greater than receiver weight 0 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System Donors and their weights Donor finishes in the table with a weight equal to the difference in weight bettewn that of the donor and that of the receiver Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight 3,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 7,40 3,00 1,50 2,00 0,40 0,50 7,40 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Ma trix Donor weight greater than receiver weight The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System Donors and their weights Pair with the lowest distance between them is selected. Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight 3,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 ,10 7,40 3,00 1,50 2,00 0,40 0,50 7,40 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix 11 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System Donors and their weights Receiver is pasted donor information Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight 3,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 7,40 3,00 1,50 2,00 0,40 0,50 7,40 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix Donor weight less than receiver weight The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System Donors and their weights Receiver is written to the fused file with a weight equal to the donor weight Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight ,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 7,40 3,00 1,50 2,00 0,40 0,50 7,40 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix Donor weight less than receiver weight 12 The Print Media surveys in Spain Data Fusion. System Donors and their weights Receiver finishes in the table with a weight equal to the difference in weight Donor is deleted from the distance table Receivers and their weights Total Receivers weight 1,10 0,60 1,40 1,80 1,10 5,40 3,00 1,50 2,00 0,40 0,50 5,40 Total donors weight 8 2 6 1 3 7 5 Distance Matrix Donor weight less than receiver weightThe Print Media surveys in Spain Conclusions Donor file, Receiver file and Fused file contain exactly the same information in the imputed variables, and this for all the common strata and for all their possible additions. Internal relations among fused variables are kept and are the same for all the files and surveys. For those variables not controlled, distributions should be as similar as possible. Traceability is possible, one can know exactly how many times each record is replicated, and how original interviews are the sales booth for each data. 13 Thank you WRRS Valen cia 2009 14

The Mother Essay Example for Free

The Mother EssayThe Mother Remember the children you got that you did not get Gwendolyn Brooks poem The Mother is ambiguous and all in all unexpected. The narrator starts by speaking some abortion in a very accusatory t iodine. In the first part of the poem the narrator uses minute of arc person language and accuses mothers of getting abortions and talks slightly how all the mothers will be missing out on seeing their children grow. She is talking to readers about abortions in general. She talks to mothers and patronizes them, Abortions will never let you forget. You remember the children you got that you did not get. (1-2), she starts the poem with a paradox. The narrator sanitarys like an antiabortion and will speak for having a child only if as the poem came to an ending it seemed like she is trying to justify her own actions. As the poem goes on the loudspeaker suddenly changes her language and starts to talk about herself in a first person language. She explains how s he cannot forget how many children she has killed. From the second part of the poem she starts to talk about her children, which meant that she had not one only when bigeminal abortions and now is haunted by it. She starts to talk about her pain and loss about not having a child, I have heard in the voices of the flap the voices of my dim killed children. I have contracted. I have eased.My dim dears at the breasts they could never suck. I have said, Sweets, if I sinned, if I seized your luck (11-15). In these lines the speaker starts to blame herself and then the tone becomes angry and helpless, If I stole your births and your names, Your straight baby tears and your games, Your stilted or lovely loves, your tumults, your marriages, aches, and your deaths (17-20). In these last a few(prenominal) lines she once more is listing out the things she will miss about her children and reminds the readers that she is full aware of the things and is regretful, but she still does the abort ion. Along with the title of the poem there is some other irony here, she says she stole their deaths by not letting them grow, she is saying she did not naturally let them die and had killed them herself before they were born. Our class had an intense conversation about the lines If I poisoned the beginnings of your breaths, Believe that even in my deliberateness I was not deliberate. (21-22), someone had suggested about how there is another paradox here. The tone has once again changed and she again tries to justify herself and her actions.She tries to explain that even though she had gone through with the procedure and succeeded in getting the abortion, it was not what she hadintended. Later on the narrator starts to sound very hypocritical, Though why should I whine, Whines that the crime was other than mine? Since anyhow you are dead. (23-25). Here the speaker is stressing over her own words, one morsel her tone is sad and regretful and the next she is saying that there is no point as the child is already dead. The mother started the poem by objective others of getting rid of their unborn, then she directly starts to talk to her dead children and now she is reasoning with herself about getting an abortion. She talks about a crime but does not call herself a criminal somehow she tried to sound like the victim. She questioned if it was anothers fault. She tries hard not to take the blame on herself in that particular line she is possibly implying that there may have been another person in the scene that had made her do this, but no(prenominal) were mentioned, which indicates she is just looking for a way to share the blame with someone else, so that shame is not heavy on her.Once the mothers intensions were established the tension between the mother and her unborn children and abortion was pretty luminous. She claims to have multiple abortions and explains her grief about giving up her children, yet she never apologized. She cannot get over the ghosts o f all the children and is haunted by what could have happened, yet she is not apologetic, she never once mentioned that maybe she should have changed her mind and kept one child. Before she ends the poem she says, Is faulty oh, what shall I say, how is the rightfulness to be said? You were born, you had body, you died. It is just that you never giggled or planned or cried. (29-31). In those lines she tries to speak the truth and tries to accept that each child had a body and lived but it died. She even says it is faulty, but still does not blame herself for the abortions. She ends the poem by saying, Believe me, I loved you all. Believe me, I knew you, though faintly, and I loved, I loved you All. (32-34). It seems as though she tries to sound like a loving mother and tries to aver her unborn children that she loved them and vaguely knew them.Works CitedBrooks, Gwendolyn. The Mother. Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.

Case Study: Liver Disease and Hepatitis B

Case Study Liver illness and Hepatitis BCase study Liver DiseaseIntroductionA 60 year old woman with a history of hepatitis B and cirrhosis presents with oedema and constipation. The GP takes the following tests on her and these ar the results.Albumin 30g/LPlatelet count Alpha fetoprotein 450 ng/mLTest resultsThe test results can be used for analysis to finish off what disease the 60 year old woman has, and by linking her symptoms with the test results. Hepatitis B is a virus that affects the colorful, chronic hepatitis can develop with push through proper treatment. Having hepatitis B will ultimately cause scarring to the liver which is known as cirrhosis. The 60 year old woman has developed Chronic hepatitis, the hepatitis is ongoing and serious, this will eventually cause the liver tissue to bring forth scares and stop functioning as it should .A liver biopsy (tissue sample) can be taken to find out how serious the hepatitis is. one(a) of the function of the liver is to produce a protein called albumin, having liver cirrhosis will cause permanent damage to the liver and when this happens the liver will find it had to produce albumin.(Aspinall et al 2011Pubmed) Albumin is a protein that is made by the liver which measures the exact amount of protein in the clear liquid portion in blood. The test is unremarkably taken place to determine whether a person has a sort of liver or kidney disease which is the main reason why the test was carried out. The parklandplace range in human is between 3.4 5.4g/dL. The womans albumin take aim shows that it is below average, low albumin may cause oedema which is a symptom that the woman is experiencing. Cirrhosis results in an increase in fluid retention. Cirrhosis in like manner leads to low levels of albumin and other proteins in the blood which could also be the cause of oedema. (Gupta and Lis, 2010)Platelet count determines the amount of platelet in the blood, normal adults produce 1 x1011 platelets every d ay, doorway high blood pressure is a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. Portal hypertension always takes place in the liver at all times, an increase in the pressure within the portal vein is caused by barrier of the blood flow to through the liver (Kotoh et al 2012). Portal hypertension causes symptoms to patients that are linked to their liver disease which could be hepatitis B,C or cirrhosis, patients that have cirrhosis had a very high chance of developing portal hypertension and it was increase over years. Patients who have portal hypertension usually have low platelet count which is the grammatical case of the 60 year old woman whose platelet count is Alpha fetoprotein is a protein that is found in the liver, it is considered a tumour marker for liver crabby person, the test may be done to diagnose possible liver diseases. The normal determine in males or non-pregnant females is generally less than 40 micrograms/litre.High levels of alpha-fetoprotein indicates that t here could be liver cancer which is the key factor which shows that there is something wrong with the liver.If your AFP level is unusually high but you are not pregnant, it may indicate the presence of certaincancers or liverconditions.so a liver transplant could be an option for the woman. In adults, high blood levels can be a sign of certain types of cancer, including liver cancer. (Alejandro et al, 2012)Symptoms and DiagnosisConstipation is a liver related issue, in this case It was most(prenominal) likely caused by her progressing tumour formation this may press on her digestive system causing constipation, having cirrhosis may also not allow her to properly digest fatty lipids because her bile might possibly be blocked resulting in constipation.Hypo thyroidismcan cause constipation. Blood tests to check thyroid hormones / TSH will help in diagnosing hypothyroidism. Oedema is swelling that is caused by fluid trapped in the bodies tissues, oedema can be a sign of lots of things including malnourishment and low albumin level in the blood and the womans albumin level is below average these are the results of having liver failure and cirrhosis. Having history of cirrhosis is the main reason she has oedema. (Gaw et al 2013)Because of the womans age cancer would need to be tested for cancer as old citizenry are much more prone to have cancer. Albumin is produced by the liver meaning that her liver is affected inducting liver cancer. Some patients with chronic liver diseases are more likely to develop thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism through autoimmune mechanisms (Huang, Liaw 2008). The woman may have Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) which is most common and popular type of liver cancer. The main risk factors associated with HCC are hepatitis B,C and cirrhosis which the woman has a history of. HCC develops in patients with chronic liver disease and patients with cirrhosis are more likely to develop HCC and people over the age of 50 are more likely t o develop HCC. The most common diseases that affects the liver are cirrhosis and hepatitis (Marshall and Bangert 2008). HCC is a serious disease in which alpha-fetoprotein will be elevated in a person, alpha-fetoprotein is a gene that becomes evince when lots of damage has occurred to the liver in HCC. The normal range for AFP is 10-20 ng/mL.A level of 400 ng/mL may be regarded as diagnostic for HCC by some.Further testsA test that can be proposed is an ultrasound of the liver, an ultrasound test uses sound waves to create pictures and to see what is going on with organs inside the body. If any tumours are found in the liver then this can be furthered to test for cancer. An MRI scan can be utilizable for looking at liver cancers, MRI are sometimes good at telling which cancers are a tumour. Another tests that can be carried out is biopsy which involves actually taking the tumour and inspecting it under the microscope for further analysis which is likely to be more effective and r eliable. Alanine aminotransferase( elevation)An alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test measures the amount of thisenzymein the blood. ALT is found mainly in theliver, ALT is measured to see if the liver is damaged or diseased. Low levels of ALT are normally found in the blood. But when the liver is damaged or diseased, it releases ALT into the bloodstream, which makes ALT levels go up. Most increases in ALT levels are caused by liver damage.Treatment and candidateSome treatment for HCC can include a liver transplant or surgery which can remove small or small-growing tumours.Sorafenib tosylate (Nexavar), which is an oral medicament can be taken to block and stops tumour from growing.The prognosis is often poor, because only 10 20% of hepatocellular carcinomas can be removed all in all using surgery. Radio frequency ablation can be used to kill cancerous cells. If the cancer cannot successfully be removed or killed, the disease is usually deadly within 3 6 months. However, this is not always the case as everybody is difference and so on some occasions people will survive much longer than 6 months. (Forner at al 2012 Pubmed)ReferencesAlejandro Forner, Josep M Llovet, Dr Jordi Bruix. (2012). The Lancet.Hepatology. 379 (9822), P12451255.Allan Gaw, Michael J. Murphy, Rajeev Srivastava, Robert A. Cowan, Denis St. J. OReilly. (2013).Clinical Bio alchemy. 5th ed. London Churchill Livingstone. p197-202.Aspinall EJ, Hawkins G, Fraser A, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg D.. (2011). PubmedOccupational Medicine. 8 (2), p531-540.Digant Gupta and Christopher G Lis. (2010). fodder Journal. PubmedPretreatment serum albumin as a predictor of cancer survival A systematic review of the epidemiological literature. 9 (69), p112-120.Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, Pratt DS (2010).Liver chemistry and function tests. 9th ed. Philadelphia Saunders Elsevie. p436-450.Kazuhiro Kotoh, Marie Fukushima, Yuki Horikawa, Shinsaku Yamashita, Motoyuki Kohjima, Makoto Nakamuta, Munechika EnjojiJanuary. (2012). Experimental and theurapitcal mediine.Serum albumin is present at higher levels in alcoholic liver cirrhosis as compared to HCV-related cirrhosis. 3 (1), p166-170.Miau-Ju Huang and Yun-Fan Liaw. (2008). Wiley Online Library.Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 10 (3), P237364.William J Marshall, Stephen K Bangert (2008).Clinical chemistry. 6th ed. Edinburgh Mosby Elsevier. p40-50.